TUGAS 3
1. Theory of Active Voice and Passive Voice
Active voice is the sentence that accompanied the transitive verb with the subject in front of verbs such as actors who perform an act.
Passive voice is a form of the verb phrase that accompanied the three (Past Participle) describe the thing done (by the perpetrator)
B. Example : Active voice sentences are as follows :
1. We eat rice every day
2. You drink milk every day
3. They lock the gatte every night
4. The Teacher is exkplaining the lesson
5. The Students are writing a story
6. He bought the house last year
7. I took the hammer yesterday
8. We have finished the work
9. John has sent the letter
10. We shall invite simon
11. Albert will arrange the books
12. Liza is going to contact Mr.Hudson
Example Passive voice sentences are as follows:
1. Rice is eatten every day
2. Milk is drunk every day
3. The gate is locked every night by them
4. The lesson is being explained by the teacher
5. A story is being written by the students
6. The house was bought last year
7. The hammer was taken by me yesterday
8. The work has been finished by us
9. The letter has been sent by John
10. Simon will be invited
11. The books will be arranged by albert
12. Mr. Hudson is going to be contacted by Liza
Active sentences into passive sentences :
Subjects in active sentence has been at the front of the verb, and object there behind the verb. Note the changes in passive sentences below. Objects can be located in front of the verb. Past Participle (Verb to 3) is always used in active sentences.
Example :
1.(Active) : We need water
(Passive) : Water is needed
2.(Active) : They admire Madona
(Passive) : Madona is admired
3.(Active) : We educate our children
(Passive) : Our children are educated
4.(Active) : They built this house last year
(Passive) : This house was built last year
5.(Active) : They will forget this case
(Passive) : This case will be forgotten
6.(Active) : Someone has split the oil
(Passive) : The oil has been split
7.(Active) : I have pushed the cupboard into the corner
(Passive) : The cupboard has been pushed into the corner
8.(Active) : We requested the police to find the girl
(Passive) : The police were requested to find the girl
9.(Active) : He wants you to give up
(Passive) : You are wanted to give up
A. Active and Passive sentences in Simple Present
- Active sentences in Present tense menggunakan Kata kerja 1
- Passive sentences in present tense menggunakan am/is/are + kata kerja 3
Example :
a.(Active) : I turn the light off at bed time
(Passive) : The light is turned off at bed time
b.(Active) : We import a lot of cars from japan
(Passive) : A lot of cars are imported from japan
c.(Active) : Recless drivers cause many accidents
(Passive) : Many accidents are caused by recless drivers
d. (Active) : Road accidents injure many people every day
(Passive) : Many people are injured in road accidents every day
e.(Active) : We export oil to other countries
(Passive) : Oil is exported to other countries
2. Active and Passive sentences Past Tense
- Kalimat aktif dalam Past tense menggunakan Kata kerja ke-2
- Kalimat pasif dalam Past tense menggunakan was/ware + kata kerja ke-3
Example :
a.(Active) : They signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement was signed by them
b.(Active) : Lightning struck the tree last week
(Passive) : The tree was struck by lightning last week
c.(Active) : The bad news shocked me yesterday
(Passive) : I was shocked by the bad news yesterday
d.(Active) : Steven took my picture
(Passive) : My picture were taken by steven
e.(Active) : I told him to come back the next day
(Passive) : He was told to come back the next day
3. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Present Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam present Continuous Kata kerja ke-1 + ING
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present Continuous am/is/are + being + kata kerja ke-3
Example :
a.(Active) : They are looking at you
(Passive) : You are being locked at by them
b.(Active) : The men are cutting down the trees
(Passive) : The trees are being cut down
c.(Active) : The police officer is questioning the bad boys
(Passive) : The bad boys are being questioned by the police officer
d.(Active) : The committee is considering your proposal
(Passive) : Your proposal is being considered by the committee
e.(Active) : They are decorating my room
(Passive) : My room is being decorated
4. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Past Continuous
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Kata kerja ke-1 + Ing
- Kalimat Pasif dalam past continuous menggunakan Was/Were + Being + Kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : He was teaching me at ten o’clock yesterday
(Passive) : I was being taught at ten o’clock yesterday
B.(Active) : They were beating up the thief until the police arrived
(Passive) : The thief was being beaten up until the police arrived
C.(Active) : The doctor was examining you when we talked with a nurse
(Passive) : You were being examined when we talked with a nurse
D.(Active) : They were following us when we walked to the park
(Passive) : We were being followed when we walked to the park
E.(Active) : He was advising the children when you went out
(Passive) : The children were being advised when you went out
5.Kalimat Akif dan Pasif dalam Present Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + Kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat Pasif dalam present perfect menggunakan Have/Has + been + kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : A mosquito has bitten me
(Passive) : I have been bitten by a mosquito
B.(Active) : We have warned him about that
(Passive) : He has been warned about that
C.(Active) : They have signed the agreement
(Passive) : The agreement has been signed
D.(Active) : We have delivered the catalog
(Passive) : The catalog has been delivered
E.(Active) : Has the government changed the regulation yet?
(Passive) : Has the regulation been changed yet?
6. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam bentuk Past Perfect
- Kalimat Aktif dalam past perfect menggunakan had + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam past perfect menggunakan had been + kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : Johnson had bought my horse when you met us
(Passive) : My horse had been bought by Johnson when you met us
B.(Active) : Paul told me that somebody had hit him
(Passive) : Paul told me that he had been hit by someone
C.(Active) : Somebody had hurt the woman when she reported to the police
(Passive) : The woman had been hurt when she reported to the police
D.(Active) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. Somebody had cleaned it
(Passive) : The kitchen looked better yesterday. It had been cleaned
E.(Active) : A tree was lying across the road. The storm had blown it down
(Passive) : A tree was lying across the road. It had been blown down in the storm
7.Kalimat Aktif dan pasif dalam bentuk Simple Future
- Kalimat Aktif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat Pasif menggunakan Future tense menggunakan Shall/Will + be + kata kerja ke-3
Example :
A.(Active) : We shall serve dinner to the guests in ten minutes
(Passive) : Dinner will be served to the guests in ten minutes
B.(Active) : We will send you your examination results as soon as they are ready
(Passive) : You will be sent your examination results as soon as they are ready
C.(Active) : They will advise me about the price of the books
(Passive) : I shall be advised about the price of the books
D.(Active) : We shall make a decision at the next meeting
(Passive) : A decision will be made at the next meeting
E.(Active) : Our company will employ twenty new men next month
(Passive) : Twenty new man will be employed by our company next month
8. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Future Perfect
- Kalimat aktif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + kata kerja ke-3
- Kalimat pasif dalam Future Perfect menggunakan shall/will + have + been + kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : At ten o’clock we shall have checked the machines
(Passive) : At ten o’clock the machines will have been checked
B.(Active) : We shall have finished this programmer in a few days
(Passive) : This programmer will have been finished in a few days
C.(Active) : By the end of the day you will have done the exercise
(Passive) : The exercise will have been done by the end of the day
D.(Active) : Tomorrow Paul will have fed the rabbits by six o’clock
(Passive) : Tomorrow the rabbits will have been fed by six o’clock
E.(Active) : I shall have woken Susan by midnight
(Passive) : Susan will have been woken up by midnight
9. Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Must
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan ”Must” : Must + be + kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active) : I must carry out this plan
(Passive) : This plan must be carried out
B.(Active) : You must not leave the baby alone
(Passive) : The baby must not be left alone
C.(Active) : You must obey the law
(Passive) : The law must be obeyed
D.(Active) : We must protect wild animals
(Passive) : Wild animals must be protected
E.(Active) : We must punish criminals
(Passive) : Criminals must be punished
10.Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam CAN
- Kalimat aktif menggunakan CAN : CAN + kata kerja ke-1
- Kalimat pasif menggunakan CAN : CAN + be + kata kerja ke-3
Example:
A.(Active): You can practice English every day
(Passive): English can be practiced every day
B.(Active) : We can’t cheat them
(Passive) : They can’t be cheated
C.(Active) : Children can see this film
(Passive) : This film can be seen by Children
D.(Active) : You can borrow my motorbike
(Passive) : My motorbike can be borrowed
E.(Active) : They can arrange a meeting
(Passive) : A meeting can be arranged
TUGAS 4
Players, equipment, and officials
See also: Association football positions, Formation (association football), and Kit (association football)
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front of their own goal. Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.[13]
The basic equipment or kit players are required to wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards. Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury. Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches. The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from that worn by the other players and the match officials.[37]
A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match.[38] IFAB recommends that "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.[39]
A game is officiated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees. In many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the need arise.[40]
Purple : Include the passive voice
22.30
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